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Basic Optical Concept - Distortion

Source:Shenzhen Kai Mo Rui Electronic Technology Co. LTD2026-05-28

Distortion, a frequently mentioned parameter in optical systems, is one of the key factors limiting the accuracy of optical measurement. It refers to the degree of distortion of an image formed by an optical system relative to the actual object. Distortion only causes image deformation and does not affect image sharpness.

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For an ideal optical system, the magnification is constant on a pair of conjugate object and image planes. However, for a real optical system, this property holds only when the field of view is small. When the field of view is large or extremely large, the image magnification varies with the field of view, causing the image to lose similarity to the object. This imaging defect that deforms the image is called distortion.
Distortion is defined as the difference between the actual image height and the ideal image height. In practical applications, distortion is usually expressed as a percentage of this difference relative to the ideal image height, known as relative distortion.
In an optical system with distortion, images of concentric circular object surfaces with equal spacing will become concentric circles with unequal spacing.
  • Positive distortion: The actual image height increases faster than the ideal image height as the field of view expands (i.e., magnification increases with field of view), so the spacing of concentric circles gradually increases from the inside out.
  • Negative distortion: The spacing of concentric circles gradually decreases from the inside out.
For ordinary optical lenses, this imaging defect can be ignored if image deformation is not perceptible. However, for applications that use images to measure object dimensions, the impact of distortion is critical and directly affects measurement accuracy.
The distortion of ordinary industrial lenses is typically 1% to 2%, which usually reduces detection precision. For example, an object with an actual length of 100 mm may be measured as 101 mm to 102 mm using such lenses.

In contrast, our BTOS telecentric optical dual telecentric lenses feature distortion of less than 0.1%—only 1/20 of ordinary lenses. This greatly improves detection accuracy and stability, reaching the measurement limits of the highest-standard optical testing instruments available today.

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