LVDS (Low-Voltage Differential Signaling) is an electrical signaling standard for signal transmission proposed by National Semiconductor (NS, now acquired by TI) in 1994. It transmits data at high speed via differential signaling with an extremely small voltage swing, supporting point-to-point or multi-drop topology connections. Featuring low power consumption, low bit error rate, low crosstalk and low electromagnetic radiation, LVDS is widely adopted in high-speed serial data communication scenarios, including high-speed backplanes, cable & board-to-board data transmission, clock distribution, and communication links inside a single PCB.

There are two official specifications for LVDS:

It boasts simple structure, low power consumption, fast transmission speed and strong anti-interference capability, with a transmission distance ranging from 5 meters to 10 meters. The technical implementation details are explained as follows.

LVDS transmits data over a pair of differential signal wires.A constant 3.5mA current source is driven to generate a differential signal with a tiny amplitude of 350mV across a 100Ω termination resistor for high-speed data transmission. The officially specified maximum data rate is 655 Mbit/s. However, with proprietary manufacturing processes from semiconductor manufacturers, practical transmission speeds up to approximately 3 Gbit/s are achievable.